The Global Innovation Hubs Index (GIHI) developed by the Center for Industrial Development and Environmental Governance (CIDEG) at Tsinghua University, with data services and translation support from Nature Research Intelligence, has been tracking and analysing year-on-year changes and the latest trends in global innovation since 2020.

GIHI2024 continues to apply scientific, objective, independent and impartial principles to evaluate global innovation hubs (GIHs) using three indicators — research innovation, innovation economy and innovation ecosystem — providing a reference for policymakers, entrepreneurs and practitioners.

A conceptual model for GIH assessment

Overall GIHI ranking

The results show that the top ten cities (metropolitan areas) in the GIHI2024 comprehensive ranking are as follows:San Francisco, New York MA , Beijing , Boston MA , London MA , Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao, Greater Bay Area, Shanghai , Paris MA, Tokyo MA ,Baltimore - Washington
San Francisco - San Jose
New York MA
Beijing
Boston MA
London MA
Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao
Greater Bay Areater Bay
Shanghai
Paris MA
Tokyo MA
Baltimore - Washington
Overall
Research Innovation
Innovation Economy
Innovation Ecosystem

Overall ranking of the top 100 Global Innovation Hubs (GIHs)

The development patterns of the top 20 GIHs

San Francisco-San Jose has been named the top ranked GIH for the fifth consecutive year, scoring much higher than other GIHs; New York MA ranks second again with a score of 91.88; Beijing comes in third place with a score of 89.28; Boston MA and London MA rank fourth and fifth, respectively and have swapped position since 2023.
Other cities/metropolitan areas in the top 20 are Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shanghai, Paris MA, Tokyo MA, Baltimore-Washington, Seoul MA, Singapore, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Munich, Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, ChicagoNaperville-Elgin, Chapel Hill-Durham-Raleigh, San Diego MA, Amsterdam MA and Dublin. Comparing the top 20 GIHs between 2022 and 2024 (Table 3), San Francisco-San Jose, New York MA and Beijing continue to lead, demonstrating their strong innovation capabilities.

Mini-hubs

In GIHI2024, we continue to evaluate minihubs separately to larger cities/metropolitan areas as the GIHI indicator system assesses the innovation of cities primarily on scale indicators. Mini-hubs feature small populations (less than one million) but strong innovation, which makes them significantly different from most of the other cities in this report and therefore unsuitable for inclusion in the overall ranking. A total of 12 mini-hubs are included in the GIHI, with Oslo a new addition in 2024. All mini-hubs except for Jerusalem are in Europe and the United States. Specifically, they are in the United States, Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Norway.

A comprehensive analysis of research innovation

Cities/metropolitan areas in Europe and the United States remain leaders in research innovation supported by their solid foundations. Those in the United States stand out in the overall ranking in research innovation and maintain a considerable edge in knowledge creation. The rapid rise of Chinese cities/metropolitan areas is also notable, with top cities ranking highly and a number of other emerging cities are on the rise.
New York MA
Beijing
Boston MA
San Francisco - San Jose
Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area
Baltimore - Washington
London MA
Paris MA
Shanghai
Los Angeles - Long Beach - Anaheim
Innovation Ecosystem
Openness and
Collaboration
Support for Start-ups
Public Services
Innovation Culture

A comprehensive analysis of innovation economy

As the global economy continues to recover, GIHs are strongly supported by enabling technologies and the leading cities have demonstrated great potential in scientific and technological innovation. The market value of high-tech manufacturing enterprises has generally experienced positive growth. The United States remains the main leader of innovation and has the largest number of leading innovative companies. Asian cities excel in the revenue of listed companies in the new economy sector.
San Francisco - San Jose
Beijing
New York MA
Tokyo MA
Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area
Seoul MA
Dublin
Boston MA
Seattle - Tacoma - Bellevue
Shanghai
Innovation Ecosystem
Openness and
Collaboration
Support for Start-ups
Public Services
Innovation Culture

A comprehensive analysis of innovation ecosystem

In innovation ecosystem, overseas investment and financing have driven the rapid rise of Asian cities in the ranking. Global demand for air travel continues to pick up and the flow of professional talent has increased significantly for GIHs. As global capital flows and venture capital investment activity keeps slowing down, the reshuffle in global supply chains has injected capital liquidity and resilience to emerging markets.
London MA
San Francisco - San Jose
New York MA
Shanghai
Singapore
Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area
Boston MA
Paris MA
Beijing
Amsterdam MA
Innovation Ecosystem
Openness and
Collaboration
Support for Start-ups
Public Services
Innovation Culture

As the global economy faces a mix of challenges and opportunities, GIHI is set to play a more important role in supporting economic recovery, promoting human wellbeing and addressing global challenges. Uncertainties are driving an adjustment to globalization and bringing challenges such as geopolitical tensions, supply chain restructuring, climate crisis and energy transition. The rise of emerging technologies is providing strong support for economic recovery and transformation, especially advancement in AI, quantum computing and green technology. Global economic growth will depend on technological innovation, digital transformation and international cooperation. GIHI will play a vital role in ensuring the vitality of the global economy by spearheading technological breakthroughs, strengthening supply chains and participating in global governance and cooperation. The global innovation network is dynamic and evolving and the index system needs to be further improved. We invite evaluators, practitioners and policymakers across the world who have read this report to make comments and suggestions so that this can be achieved.

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